Merge tag 'gpio-updates-for-v6.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brgl/linux

Pull gpio updates from Bartosz Golaszewski:
 "We have some new drivers, significant refactoring of existing intel
  platforms, lots of improvements all around, mass conversion to using
  immutable irqchips by drivers that had not been converted individually
  yet and some changes in the core library code.

  Summary:

  New drivers:
   - add a driver for the Loongson GPIO controller
   - add a driver for the fxl6408 I2C GPIO expander
   - add a GPIO module containing code common for Intel Elkhart Lake and
     Merrifield platforms
   - add a driver for the Intel Elkhart Lake platform reusing the code
     from the intel tangier library

  GPIOLIB core:
   - GPIO ACPI improvements
   - simplify gpiochip_add_data_with_keys() fwnode handling
   - cleanup header inclusions (remove unneeded ones, order the rest
     alphabetically)
   - remove duplicate code (reuse krealloc() instead of open-coding it,
     drop a duplicated check in gpiod_find_and_request())
   - reshuffle the code to remove unnecessary forward declarations
   - coding style cleanups and improvements
   - add a helper for accessing device fwnodes
   - small updates in docs

  Driver improvements:
   - convert all remaining GPIO irqchip drivers to using immutable
     irqchips
   - drop unnecessary of_match_ptr() macro expansions
   - shrink the code in gpio-merrifield significantly by reusing the
     code from gpio-tangier + minor tweaks to the driver code
   - remove MODULE_LICENSE() from drivers that can only be built-in
   - add device-tree support to gpio-loongson1
   - use new regmap features in gpio-104-dio-48e and gpio-pcie-idio-24
   - minor tweaks and fixes to gpio-xra1403, gpio-sim, gpio-tegra194,
     gpio-omap, gpio-aspeed, gpio-raspberrypi-exp
   - shrink code in gpio-ich and gpio-pxa
   - Kconfig tweak for gpio-pmic-eic-sprd"

* tag 'gpio-updates-for-v6.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brgl/linux: (99 commits)
  gpio: gpiolib: Simplify gpiochip_add_data_with_key() fwnode
  gpiolib: Add gpiochip_set_data() helper
  gpiolib: Move gpiochip_get_data() higher in the code
  gpiolib: Check array_info for NULL only once in gpiod_get_array()
  gpiolib: Replace open coded krealloc()
  gpiolib: acpi: Add a ignore wakeup quirk for Clevo NL5xNU
  gpiolib: acpi: Move ACPI device NULL check to acpi_get_driver_gpio_data()
  gpiolib: acpi: use the fwnode in acpi_gpiochip_find()
  gpio: mm-lantiq: Fix typo in the newly added header filename
  sh: mach-x3proto: Add missing #include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
  powerpc/40x: Add missing select OF_GPIO_MM_GPIOCHIP
  gpio: xlp: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: xilinx: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: xgs-iproc: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: visconti: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: tqmx86: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: thunderx: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: stmpe: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: siox: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  gpio: rda: Convert to immutable irq_chip
  ...

1 files changed, 32 insertions, 421 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpio-merrifield.c b/drivers/gpio/gpio-merrifield.c
index 92ea8411050d..421d7e3a6c66 100644
--- a/drivers/gpio/gpio-merrifield.c
+++ b/drivers/gpio/gpio-merrifield.c
@@ -2,60 +2,25 @@
 /*
  * Intel Merrifield SoC GPIO driver
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2016 Intel Corporation.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2023 Intel Corporation.
  * Author: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
  */
 
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
-#include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
-#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/pci.h>
-#include <linux/pinctrl/consumer.h>
-#include <linux/string_helpers.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
 
-#define GCCR		0x000	/* controller configuration */
-#define GPLR		0x004	/* pin level r/o */
-#define GPDR		0x01c	/* pin direction */
-#define GPSR		0x034	/* pin set w/o */
-#define GPCR		0x04c	/* pin clear w/o */
-#define GRER		0x064	/* rising edge detect */
-#define GFER		0x07c	/* falling edge detect */
-#define GFBR		0x094	/* glitch filter bypass */
-#define GIMR		0x0ac	/* interrupt mask */
-#define GISR		0x0c4	/* interrupt source */
-#define GITR		0x300	/* input type */
-#define GLPR		0x318	/* level input polarity */
-#define GWMR		0x400	/* wake mask */
-#define GWSR		0x418	/* wake source */
-#define GSIR		0xc00	/* secure input */
+#include "gpio-tangier.h"
 
 /* Intel Merrifield has 192 GPIO pins */
 #define MRFLD_NGPIO	192
 
-struct mrfld_gpio_pinrange {
-	unsigned int gpio_base;
-	unsigned int pin_base;
-	unsigned int npins;
-};
-
-#define GPIO_PINRANGE(gstart, gend, pstart)		\
-	{						\
-		.gpio_base = (gstart),			\
-		.pin_base = (pstart),			\
-		.npins = (gend) - (gstart) + 1,		\
-	}
-
-struct mrfld_gpio {
-	struct gpio_chip	chip;
-	void __iomem		*reg_base;
-	raw_spinlock_t		lock;
-	struct device		*dev;
-};
-
-static const struct mrfld_gpio_pinrange mrfld_gpio_ranges[] = {
+static const struct tng_gpio_pinrange mrfld_gpio_ranges[] = {
 	GPIO_PINRANGE(0, 11, 146),
 	GPIO_PINRANGE(12, 13, 144),
 	GPIO_PINRANGE(14, 15, 35),
@@ -84,323 +49,15 @@ static const struct mrfld_gpio_pinrange mrfld_gpio_ranges[] = {
 	GPIO_PINRANGE(190, 191, 178),
 };
 
-static void __iomem *gpio_reg(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset,
-			      unsigned int reg_type_offset)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	u8 reg = offset / 32;
-
-	return priv->reg_base + reg_type_offset + reg * 4;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
-{
-	void __iomem *gplr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPLR);
-
-	return !!(readl(gplr) & BIT(offset % 32));
-}
-
-static void mrfld_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset,
-			   int value)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	void __iomem *gpsr, *gpcr;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	if (value) {
-		gpsr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPSR);
-		writel(BIT(offset % 32), gpsr);
-	} else {
-		gpcr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPCR);
-		writel(BIT(offset % 32), gpcr);
-	}
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_direction_input(struct gpio_chip *chip,
-				      unsigned int offset)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	void __iomem *gpdr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPDR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	u32 value;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	value = readl(gpdr);
-	value &= ~BIT(offset % 32);
-	writel(value, gpdr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_direction_output(struct gpio_chip *chip,
-				       unsigned int offset, int value)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	void __iomem *gpdr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPDR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	mrfld_gpio_set(chip, offset, value);
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	value = readl(gpdr);
-	value |= BIT(offset % 32);
-	writel(value, gpdr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
-{
-	void __iomem *gpdr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GPDR);
-
-	if (readl(gpdr) & BIT(offset % 32))
-		return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_OUT;
-
-	return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_IN;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_set_debounce(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset,
-				   unsigned int debounce)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	void __iomem *gfbr = gpio_reg(chip, offset, GFBR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	u32 value;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	if (debounce)
-		value = readl(gfbr) & ~BIT(offset % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(gfbr) | BIT(offset % 32);
-	writel(value, gfbr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_gpio_set_config(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset,
-				 unsigned long config)
-{
-	u32 debounce;
-
-	if ((pinconf_to_config_param(config) == PIN_CONFIG_BIAS_DISABLE) ||
-	    (pinconf_to_config_param(config) == PIN_CONFIG_BIAS_PULL_UP) ||
-	    (pinconf_to_config_param(config) == PIN_CONFIG_BIAS_PULL_DOWN))
-		return gpiochip_generic_config(chip, offset, config);
-
-	if (pinconf_to_config_param(config) != PIN_CONFIG_INPUT_DEBOUNCE)
-		return -ENOTSUPP;
-
-	debounce = pinconf_to_config_argument(config);
-	return mrfld_gpio_set_debounce(chip, offset, debounce);
-}
-
-static void mrfld_irq_ack(struct irq_data *d)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
-	u32 gpio = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
-	void __iomem *gisr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GISR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	writel(BIT(gpio % 32), gisr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-}
-
-static void mrfld_irq_unmask_mask(struct mrfld_gpio *priv, u32 gpio, bool unmask)
-{
-	void __iomem *gimr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GIMR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	u32 value;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	if (unmask)
-		value = readl(gimr) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(gimr) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-	writel(value, gimr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-}
-
-static void mrfld_irq_mask(struct irq_data *d)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
-	u32 gpio = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
-
-	mrfld_irq_unmask_mask(priv, gpio, false);
-	gpiochip_disable_irq(&priv->chip, gpio);
-}
-
-static void mrfld_irq_unmask(struct irq_data *d)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
-	u32 gpio = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
-
-	gpiochip_enable_irq(&priv->chip, gpio);
-	mrfld_irq_unmask_mask(priv, gpio, true);
-}
-
-static int mrfld_irq_set_type(struct irq_data *d, unsigned int type)
-{
-	struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
-	u32 gpio = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
-	void __iomem *grer = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GRER);
-	void __iomem *gfer = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GFER);
-	void __iomem *gitr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GITR);
-	void __iomem *glpr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GLPR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	u32 value;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	if (type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING)
-		value = readl(grer) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(grer) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-	writel(value, grer);
-
-	if (type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING)
-		value = readl(gfer) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(gfer) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-	writel(value, gfer);
-
-	/*
-	 * To prevent glitches from triggering an unintended level interrupt,
-	 * configure GLPR register first and then configure GITR.
-	 */
-	if (type & IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW)
-		value = readl(glpr) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(glpr) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-	writel(value, glpr);
-
-	if (type & IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_MASK) {
-		value = readl(gitr) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-		writel(value, gitr);
-
-		irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_level_irq);
-	} else if (type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH) {
-		value = readl(gitr) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-		writel(value, gitr);
-
-		irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_edge_irq);
-	}
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int mrfld_irq_set_wake(struct irq_data *d, unsigned int on)
-{
-	struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
-	u32 gpio = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
-	void __iomem *gwmr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GWMR);
-	void __iomem *gwsr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, gpio, GWSR);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	u32 value;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	/* Clear the existing wake status */
-	writel(BIT(gpio % 32), gwsr);
-
-	if (on)
-		value = readl(gwmr) | BIT(gpio % 32);
-	else
-		value = readl(gwmr) & ~BIT(gpio % 32);
-	writel(value, gwmr);
-
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
-
-	dev_dbg(priv->dev, "%s wake for gpio %u\n", str_enable_disable(on), gpio);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static const struct irq_chip mrfld_irqchip = {
-	.name		= "gpio-merrifield",
-	.irq_ack	= mrfld_irq_ack,
-	.irq_mask	= mrfld_irq_mask,
-	.irq_unmask	= mrfld_irq_unmask,
-	.irq_set_type	= mrfld_irq_set_type,
-	.irq_set_wake	= mrfld_irq_set_wake,
-	.flags		= IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
-	GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPERS,
-};
-
-static void mrfld_irq_handler(struct irq_desc *desc)
-{
-	struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_desc_get_handler_data(desc);
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
-	struct irq_chip *irqchip = irq_desc_get_chip(desc);
-	unsigned long base, gpio;
-
-	chained_irq_enter(irqchip, desc);
-
-	/* Check GPIO controller to check which pin triggered the interrupt */
-	for (base = 0; base < priv->chip.ngpio; base += 32) {
-		void __iomem *gisr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, base, GISR);
-		void __iomem *gimr = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, base, GIMR);
-		unsigned long pending, enabled;
-
-		pending = readl(gisr);
-		enabled = readl(gimr);
-
-		/* Only interrupts that are enabled */
-		pending &= enabled;
-
-		for_each_set_bit(gpio, &pending, 32)
-			generic_handle_domain_irq(gc->irq.domain, base + gpio);
-	}
-
-	chained_irq_exit(irqchip, desc);
-}
-
-static int mrfld_irq_init_hw(struct gpio_chip *chip)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	void __iomem *reg;
-	unsigned int base;
-
-	for (base = 0; base < priv->chip.ngpio; base += 32) {
-		/* Clear the rising-edge detect register */
-		reg = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, base, GRER);
-		writel(0, reg);
-		/* Clear the falling-edge detect register */
-		reg = gpio_reg(&priv->chip, base, GFER);
-		writel(0, reg);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static const char *mrfld_gpio_get_pinctrl_dev_name(struct mrfld_gpio *priv)
+static const char *mrfld_gpio_get_pinctrl_dev_name(struct tng_gpio *priv)
 {
+	struct device *dev = priv->dev;
 	struct acpi_device *adev;
 	const char *name;
 
 	adev = acpi_dev_get_first_match_dev("INTC1002", NULL, -1);
 	if (adev) {
-		name = devm_kstrdup(priv->dev, acpi_dev_name(adev), GFP_KERNEL);
+		name = devm_kstrdup(dev, acpi_dev_name(adev), GFP_KERNEL);
 		acpi_dev_put(adev);
 	} else {
 		name = "pinctrl-merrifield";
@@ -409,37 +66,10 @@ static const char *mrfld_gpio_get_pinctrl_dev_name(struct mrfld_gpio *priv)
 	return name;
 }
 
-static int mrfld_gpio_add_pin_ranges(struct gpio_chip *chip)
-{
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv = gpiochip_get_data(chip);
-	const struct mrfld_gpio_pinrange *range;
-	const char *pinctrl_dev_name;
-	unsigned int i;
-	int retval;
-
-	pinctrl_dev_name = mrfld_gpio_get_pinctrl_dev_name(priv);
-	if (!pinctrl_dev_name)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mrfld_gpio_ranges); i++) {
-		range = &mrfld_gpio_ranges[i];
-		retval = gpiochip_add_pin_range(&priv->chip, pinctrl_dev_name,
-						range->gpio_base,
-						range->pin_base,
-						range->npins);
-		if (retval) {
-			dev_err(priv->dev, "failed to add GPIO pin range\n");
-			return retval;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int mrfld_gpio_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id)
 {
-	struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
-	struct mrfld_gpio *priv;
+	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+	struct tng_gpio *priv;
 	u32 gpio_base, irq_base;
 	void __iomem *base;
 	int retval;
@@ -449,10 +79,8 @@ static int mrfld_gpio_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id
 		return retval;
 
 	retval = pcim_iomap_regions(pdev, BIT(1) | BIT(0), pci_name(pdev));
-	if (retval) {
-		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "I/O memory mapping error\n");
-		return retval;
-	}
+	if (retval)
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, retval, "I/O memory mapping error\n");
 
 	base = pcim_iomap_table(pdev)[1];
 
@@ -462,53 +90,36 @@ static int mrfld_gpio_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id
 	/* Release the IO mapping, since we already get the info from BAR1 */
 	pcim_iounmap_regions(pdev, BIT(1));
 
-	priv = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
+	priv = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!priv)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	priv->dev = &pdev->dev;
+	priv->dev = dev;
 	priv->reg_base = pcim_iomap_table(pdev)[0];
 
-	priv->chip.label = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
-	priv->chip.parent = &pdev->dev;
-	priv->chip.request = gpiochip_generic_request;
-	priv->chip.free = gpiochip_generic_free;
-	priv->chip.direction_input = mrfld_gpio_direction_input;
-	priv->chip.direction_output = mrfld_gpio_direction_output;
-	priv->chip.get = mrfld_gpio_get;
-	priv->chip.set = mrfld_gpio_set;
-	priv->chip.get_direction = mrfld_gpio_get_direction;
-	priv->chip.set_config = mrfld_gpio_set_config;
-	priv->chip.base = gpio_base;
-	priv->chip.ngpio = MRFLD_NGPIO;
-	priv->chip.can_sleep = false;
-	priv->chip.add_pin_ranges = mrfld_gpio_add_pin_ranges;
+	priv->pin_info.pin_ranges = mrfld_gpio_ranges;
+	priv->pin_info.nranges = ARRAY_SIZE(mrfld_gpio_ranges);
+	priv->pin_info.name = mrfld_gpio_get_pinctrl_dev_name(priv);
+	if (!priv->pin_info.name)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	raw_spin_lock_init(&priv->lock);
+	priv->info.base = gpio_base;
+	priv->info.ngpio = MRFLD_NGPIO;
+	priv->info.first = irq_base;
 
 	retval = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, 1, PCI_IRQ_ALL_TYPES);
 	if (retval < 0)
 		return retval;
 
-	girq = &priv->chip.irq;
-	gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &mrfld_irqchip);
-	girq->init_hw = mrfld_irq_init_hw;
-	girq->parent_handler = mrfld_irq_handler;
-	girq->num_parents = 1;
-	girq->parents = devm_kcalloc(&pdev->dev, girq->num_parents,
-				     sizeof(*girq->parents), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!girq->parents)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	girq->parents[0] = pci_irq_vector(pdev, 0);
-	girq->first = irq_base;
-	girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
-	girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
+	priv->irq = pci_irq_vector(pdev, 0);
 
-	retval = devm_gpiochip_add_data(&pdev->dev, &priv->chip, priv);
-	if (retval) {
-		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "gpiochip_add error %d\n", retval);
-		return retval;
-	}
+	priv->wake_regs.gwmr = GWMR_MRFLD;
+	priv->wake_regs.gwsr = GWSR_MRFLD;
+	priv->wake_regs.gsir = GSIR_MRFLD;
+
+	retval = devm_tng_gpio_probe(dev, priv);
+	if (retval)
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, retval, "tng_gpio_probe error\n");
 
 	pci_set_drvdata(pdev, priv);
 	return 0;
@@ -525,9 +136,9 @@ static struct pci_driver mrfld_gpio_driver = {
 	.id_table	= mrfld_gpio_ids,
 	.probe		= mrfld_gpio_probe,
 };
-
 module_pci_driver(mrfld_gpio_driver);
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Intel Merrifield SoC GPIO driver");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+MODULE_IMPORT_NS(GPIO_TANGIER);