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authorPatrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com>2018-03-09 09:52:42 +0000
committerIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>2018-03-20 08:11:06 +0100
commit7f65ea42eb00bc902f1c37a71e984e4f4064cfa9 (patch)
tree67b6425dc2cf32268acfe36e7324bb583579326f /kernel
parent10c18c44a6494167e7a7ca3a3a61a67972017bdf (diff)
sched/fair: Add util_est on top of PELT
The util_avg signal computed by PELT is too variable for some use-cases. For example, a big task waking up after a long sleep period will have its utilization almost completely decayed. This introduces some latency before schedutil will be able to pick the best frequency to run a task. The same issue can affect task placement. Indeed, since the task utilization is already decayed at wakeup, when the task is enqueued in a CPU, this can result in a CPU running a big task as being temporarily represented as being almost empty. This leads to a race condition where other tasks can be potentially allocated on a CPU which just started to run a big task which slept for a relatively long period. Moreover, the PELT utilization of a task can be updated every [ms], thus making it a continuously changing value for certain longer running tasks. This means that the instantaneous PELT utilization of a RUNNING task is not really meaningful to properly support scheduler decisions. For all these reasons, a more stable signal can do a better job of representing the expected/estimated utilization of a task/cfs_rq. Such a signal can be easily created on top of PELT by still using it as an estimator which produces values to be aggregated on meaningful events. This patch adds a simple implementation of util_est, a new signal built on top of PELT's util_avg where: util_est(task) = max(task::util_avg, f(task::util_avg@dequeue)) This allows to remember how big a task has been reported by PELT in its previous activations via f(task::util_avg@dequeue), which is the new _task_util_est(struct task_struct*) function added by this patch. If a task should change its behavior and it runs longer in a new activation, after a certain time its util_est will just track the original PELT signal (i.e. task::util_avg). The estimated utilization of cfs_rq is defined only for root ones. That's because the only sensible consumer of this signal are the scheduler and schedutil when looking for the overall CPU utilization due to FAIR tasks. For this reason, the estimated utilization of a root cfs_rq is simply defined as: util_est(cfs_rq) = max(cfs_rq::util_avg, cfs_rq::util_est::enqueued) where: cfs_rq::util_est::enqueued = sum(_task_util_est(task)) for each RUNNABLE task on that root cfs_rq It's worth noting that the estimated utilization is tracked only for objects of interests, specifically: - Tasks: to better support tasks placement decisions - root cfs_rqs: to better support both tasks placement decisions as well as frequencies selection Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Morten Rasmussen <morten.rasmussen@arm.com> Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com> Cc: Rafael J . Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Cc: Steve Muckle <smuckle@google.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180309095245.11071-2-patrick.bellasi@arm.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel')
-rw-r--r--kernel/sched/debug.c4
-rw-r--r--kernel/sched/fair.c122
-rw-r--r--kernel/sched/features.h5
3 files changed, 125 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/sched/debug.c b/kernel/sched/debug.c
index 644d9a464380..332303be4beb 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/debug.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/debug.c
@@ -541,6 +541,8 @@ void print_cfs_rq(struct seq_file *m, int cpu, struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
cfs_rq->avg.runnable_load_avg);
SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %lu\n", "util_avg",
cfs_rq->avg.util_avg);
+ SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %u\n", "util_est_enqueued",
+ cfs_rq->avg.util_est.enqueued);
SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %ld\n", "removed.load_avg",
cfs_rq->removed.load_avg);
SEQ_printf(m, " .%-30s: %ld\n", "removed.util_avg",
@@ -989,6 +991,8 @@ void proc_sched_show_task(struct task_struct *p, struct pid_namespace *ns,
P(se.avg.runnable_load_avg);
P(se.avg.util_avg);
P(se.avg.last_update_time);
+ P(se.avg.util_est.ewma);
+ P(se.avg.util_est.enqueued);
#endif
P(policy);
P(prio);
diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index 3582117e1580..22b59a7facd2 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -3873,6 +3873,113 @@ static inline unsigned long cfs_rq_load_avg(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
static int idle_balance(struct rq *this_rq, struct rq_flags *rf);
+static inline unsigned long task_util(struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ return READ_ONCE(p->se.avg.util_avg);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long _task_util_est(struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ struct util_est ue = READ_ONCE(p->se.avg.util_est);
+
+ return max(ue.ewma, ue.enqueued);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long task_util_est(struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ return max(task_util(p), _task_util_est(p));
+}
+
+static inline void util_est_enqueue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq,
+ struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ unsigned int enqueued;
+
+ if (!sched_feat(UTIL_EST))
+ return;
+
+ /* Update root cfs_rq's estimated utilization */
+ enqueued = cfs_rq->avg.util_est.enqueued;
+ enqueued += _task_util_est(p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(cfs_rq->avg.util_est.enqueued, enqueued);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if a (signed) value is within a specified (unsigned) margin,
+ * based on the observation that:
+ *
+ * abs(x) < y := (unsigned)(x + y - 1) < (2 * y - 1)
+ *
+ * NOTE: this only works when value + maring < INT_MAX.
+ */
+static inline bool within_margin(int value, int margin)
+{
+ return ((unsigned int)(value + margin - 1) < (2 * margin - 1));
+}
+
+static void
+util_est_dequeue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct task_struct *p, bool task_sleep)
+{
+ long last_ewma_diff;
+ struct util_est ue;
+
+ if (!sched_feat(UTIL_EST))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * Update root cfs_rq's estimated utilization
+ *
+ * If *p is the last task then the root cfs_rq's estimated utilization
+ * of a CPU is 0 by definition.
+ */
+ ue.enqueued = 0;
+ if (cfs_rq->nr_running) {
+ ue.enqueued = cfs_rq->avg.util_est.enqueued;
+ ue.enqueued -= min_t(unsigned int, ue.enqueued,
+ _task_util_est(p));
+ }
+ WRITE_ONCE(cfs_rq->avg.util_est.enqueued, ue.enqueued);
+
+ /*
+ * Skip update of task's estimated utilization when the task has not
+ * yet completed an activation, e.g. being migrated.
+ */
+ if (!task_sleep)
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * Skip update of task's estimated utilization when its EWMA is
+ * already ~1% close to its last activation value.
+ */
+ ue = p->se.avg.util_est;
+ ue.enqueued = task_util(p);
+ last_ewma_diff = ue.enqueued - ue.ewma;
+ if (within_margin(last_ewma_diff, (SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE / 100)))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * Update Task's estimated utilization
+ *
+ * When *p completes an activation we can consolidate another sample
+ * of the task size. This is done by storing the current PELT value
+ * as ue.enqueued and by using this value to update the Exponential
+ * Weighted Moving Average (EWMA):
+ *
+ * ewma(t) = w * task_util(p) + (1-w) * ewma(t-1)
+ * = w * task_util(p) + ewma(t-1) - w * ewma(t-1)
+ * = w * (task_util(p) - ewma(t-1)) + ewma(t-1)
+ * = w * ( last_ewma_diff ) + ewma(t-1)
+ * = w * (last_ewma_diff + ewma(t-1) / w)
+ *
+ * Where 'w' is the weight of new samples, which is configured to be
+ * 0.25, thus making w=1/4 ( >>= UTIL_EST_WEIGHT_SHIFT)
+ */
+ ue.ewma <<= UTIL_EST_WEIGHT_SHIFT;
+ ue.ewma += last_ewma_diff;
+ ue.ewma >>= UTIL_EST_WEIGHT_SHIFT;
+ WRITE_ONCE(p->se.avg.util_est, ue);
+}
+
#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
static inline int
@@ -3902,6 +4009,13 @@ static inline int idle_balance(struct rq *rq, struct rq_flags *rf)
return 0;
}
+static inline void
+util_est_enqueue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct task_struct *p) {}
+
+static inline void
+util_est_dequeue(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct task_struct *p,
+ bool task_sleep) {}
+
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
static void check_spread(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se)
@@ -5249,6 +5363,7 @@ enqueue_task_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
if (!se)
add_nr_running(rq, 1);
+ util_est_enqueue(&rq->cfs, p);
hrtick_update(rq);
}
@@ -5308,6 +5423,7 @@ static void dequeue_task_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
if (!se)
sub_nr_running(rq, 1);
+ util_est_dequeue(&rq->cfs, p, task_sleep);
hrtick_update(rq);
}
@@ -5835,7 +5951,6 @@ static int wake_affine(struct sched_domain *sd, struct task_struct *p,
return target;
}
-static inline unsigned long task_util(struct task_struct *p);
static unsigned long cpu_util_wake(int cpu, struct task_struct *p);
static unsigned long capacity_spare_wake(int cpu, struct task_struct *p)
@@ -6351,11 +6466,6 @@ static unsigned long cpu_util(int cpu)
return (util >= capacity) ? capacity : util;
}
-static inline unsigned long task_util(struct task_struct *p)
-{
- return p->se.avg.util_avg;
-}
-
/*
* cpu_util_wake: Compute CPU utilization with any contributions from
* the waking task p removed.
diff --git a/kernel/sched/features.h b/kernel/sched/features.h
index 9552fd5854bf..c459a4b61544 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/features.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/features.h
@@ -85,3 +85,8 @@ SCHED_FEAT(ATTACH_AGE_LOAD, true)
SCHED_FEAT(WA_IDLE, true)
SCHED_FEAT(WA_WEIGHT, true)
SCHED_FEAT(WA_BIAS, true)
+
+/*
+ * UtilEstimation. Use estimated CPU utilization.
+ */
+SCHED_FEAT(UTIL_EST, false)