Merge tag 'rust-6.11' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux

Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
 "The highlight is the establishment of a minimum version for the Rust
  toolchain, including 'rustc' (and bundled tools) and 'bindgen'.

  The initial minimum will be the pinned version we currently have, i.e.
  we are just widening the allowed versions. That covers three stable
  Rust releases: 1.78.0, 1.79.0, 1.80.0 (getting released tomorrow),
  plus beta, plus nightly.

  This should already be enough for kernel developers in distributions
  that provide recent Rust compiler versions routinely, such as Arch
  Linux, Debian Unstable (outside the freeze period), Fedora Linux,
  Gentoo Linux (especially the testing channel), Nix (unstable) and
  openSUSE Slowroll and Tumbleweed.

  In addition, the kernel is now being built-tested by Rust's pre-merge
  CI. That is, every change that is attempting to land into the Rust
  compiler is tested against the kernel, and it is merged only if it
  passes. Similarly, the bindgen tool has agreed to build the kernel in
  their CI too.

  Thus, with the pre-merge CI in place, both projects hope to avoid
  unintentional changes to Rust that break the kernel. This means that,
  in general, apart from intentional changes on their side (that we will
  need to workaround conditionally on our side), the upcoming Rust
  compiler versions should generally work.

  In addition, the Rust project has proposed getting the kernel into
  stable Rust (at least solving the main blockers) as one of its three
  flagship goals for 2024H2 [1].

  I would like to thank Niko, Sid, Emilio et al. for their help
  promoting the collaboration between Rust and the kernel.

  Toolchain and infrastructure:

   - Support several Rust toolchain versions.

   - Support several bindgen versions.

   - Remove 'cargo' requirement and simplify 'rusttest', thanks to
     'alloc' having been dropped last cycle.

   - Provide proper error reporting for the 'rust-analyzer' target.

  'kernel' crate:

   - Add 'uaccess' module with a safe userspace pointers abstraction.

   - Add 'page' module with a 'struct page' abstraction.

   - Support more complex generics in workqueue's 'impl_has_work!'
     macro.

  'macros' crate:

   - Add 'firmware' field support to the 'module!' macro.

   - Improve 'module!' macro documentation.

  Documentation:

   - Provide instructions on what packages should be installed to build
     the kernel in some popular Linux distributions.

   - Introduce the new kernel.org LLVM+Rust toolchains.

   - Explain '#[no_std]'.

  And a few other small bits"

Link: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-project-goals/2024h2/index.html#flagship-goals [1]

* tag 'rust-6.11' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux: (26 commits)
  docs: rust: quick-start: add section on Linux distributions
  rust: warn about `bindgen` versions 0.66.0 and 0.66.1
  rust: start supporting several `bindgen` versions
  rust: work around `bindgen` 0.69.0 issue
  rust: avoid assuming a particular `bindgen` build
  rust: start supporting several compiler versions
  rust: simplify Clippy warning flags set
  rust: relax most deny-level lints to warnings
  rust: allow `dead_code` for never constructed bindings
  rust: init: simplify from `map_err` to `inspect_err`
  rust: macros: indent list item in `paste!`'s docs
  rust: add abstraction for `struct page`
  rust: uaccess: add typed accessors for userspace pointers
  uaccess: always export _copy_[from|to]_user with CONFIG_RUST
  rust: uaccess: add userspace pointers
  kbuild: rust-analyzer: improve comment documentation
  kbuild: rust-analyzer: better error handling
  docs: rust: no_std is used
  rust: alloc: add __GFP_HIGHMEM flag
  rust: alloc: fix typo in docs for GFP_NOWAIT
  ...

1 files changed, 388 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/rust/kernel/uaccess.rs b/rust/kernel/uaccess.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e9347cff99ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/kernel/uaccess.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Slices to user space memory regions.
+//!
+//! C header: [`include/linux/uaccess.h`](srctree/include/linux/uaccess.h)
+
+use crate::{
+    alloc::Flags,
+    bindings,
+    error::Result,
+    prelude::*,
+    types::{AsBytes, FromBytes},
+};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ffi::{c_ulong, c_void};
+use core::mem::{size_of, MaybeUninit};
+
+/// The type used for userspace addresses.
+pub type UserPtr = usize;
+
+/// A pointer to an area in userspace memory, which can be either read-only or read-write.
+///
+/// All methods on this struct are safe: attempting to read or write on bad addresses (either out of
+/// the bound of the slice or unmapped addresses) will return [`EFAULT`]. Concurrent access,
+/// *including data races to/from userspace memory*, is permitted, because fundamentally another
+/// userspace thread/process could always be modifying memory at the same time (in the same way that
+/// userspace Rust's [`std::io`] permits data races with the contents of files on disk). In the
+/// presence of a race, the exact byte values read/written are unspecified but the operation is
+/// well-defined. Kernelspace code should validate its copy of data after completing a read, and not
+/// expect that multiple reads of the same address will return the same value.
+///
+/// These APIs are designed to make it difficult to accidentally write TOCTOU (time-of-check to
+/// time-of-use) bugs. Every time a memory location is read, the reader's position is advanced by
+/// the read length and the next read will start from there. This helps prevent accidentally reading
+/// the same location twice and causing a TOCTOU bug.
+///
+/// Creating a [`UserSliceReader`] and/or [`UserSliceWriter`] consumes the `UserSlice`, helping
+/// ensure that there aren't multiple readers or writers to the same location.
+///
+/// If double-fetching a memory location is necessary for some reason, then that is done by creating
+/// multiple readers to the same memory location, e.g. using [`clone_reader`].
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Takes a region of userspace memory from the current process, and modify it by adding one to
+/// every byte in the region.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use alloc::vec::Vec;
+/// use core::ffi::c_void;
+/// use kernel::error::Result;
+/// use kernel::uaccess::{UserPtr, UserSlice};
+///
+/// fn bytes_add_one(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
+///     let (read, mut write) = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader_writer();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     for b in &mut buf {
+///         *b = b.wrapping_add(1);
+///     }
+///
+///     write.write_slice(&buf)?;
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Example illustrating a TOCTOU (time-of-check to time-of-use) bug.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use alloc::vec::Vec;
+/// use core::ffi::c_void;
+/// use kernel::error::{code::EINVAL, Result};
+/// use kernel::uaccess::{UserPtr, UserSlice};
+///
+/// /// Returns whether the data in this region is valid.
+/// fn is_valid(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<bool> {
+///     let read = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     todo!()
+/// }
+///
+/// /// Returns the bytes behind this user pointer if they are valid.
+/// fn get_bytes_if_valid(uptr: UserPtr, len: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+///     if !is_valid(uptr, len)? {
+///         return Err(EINVAL);
+///     }
+///
+///     let read = UserSlice::new(uptr, len).reader();
+///
+///     let mut buf = Vec::new();
+///     read.read_all(&mut buf, GFP_KERNEL)?;
+///
+///     // THIS IS A BUG! The bytes could have changed since we checked them.
+///     //
+///     // To avoid this kind of bug, don't call `UserSlice::new` multiple
+///     // times with the same address.
+///     Ok(buf)
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`std::io`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/index.html
+/// [`clone_reader`]: UserSliceReader::clone_reader
+pub struct UserSlice {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSlice {
+    /// Constructs a user slice from a raw pointer and a length in bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Constructing a [`UserSlice`] performs no checks on the provided address and length, it can
+    /// safely be constructed inside a kernel thread with no current userspace process. Reads and
+    /// writes wrap the kernel APIs `copy_from_user` and `copy_to_user`, which check the memory map
+    /// of the current process and enforce that the address range is within the user range (no
+    /// additional calls to `access_ok` are needed). Validity of the pointer is checked when you
+    /// attempt to read or write, not in the call to `UserSlice::new`.
+    ///
+    /// Callers must be careful to avoid time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) issues. The simplest way
+    /// is to create a single instance of [`UserSlice`] per user memory block as it reads each byte
+    /// at most once.
+    pub fn new(ptr: UserPtr, length: usize) -> Self {
+        UserSlice { ptr, length }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads the entirety of the user slice, appending it to the end of the provided buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address.
+    pub fn read_all(self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, flags: Flags) -> Result {
+        self.reader().read_all(buf, flags)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a [`UserSliceReader`].
+    pub fn reader(self) -> UserSliceReader {
+        UserSliceReader {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a [`UserSliceWriter`].
+    pub fn writer(self) -> UserSliceWriter {
+        UserSliceWriter {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs both a [`UserSliceReader`] and a [`UserSliceWriter`].
+    ///
+    /// Usually when this is used, you will first read the data, and then overwrite it afterwards.
+    pub fn reader_writer(self) -> (UserSliceReader, UserSliceWriter) {
+        (
+            UserSliceReader {
+                ptr: self.ptr,
+                length: self.length,
+            },
+            UserSliceWriter {
+                ptr: self.ptr,
+                length: self.length,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// A reader for [`UserSlice`].
+///
+/// Used to incrementally read from the user slice.
+pub struct UserSliceReader {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSliceReader {
+    /// Skip the provided number of bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if skipping more than the length of the buffer.
+    pub fn skip(&mut self, num_skip: usize) -> Result {
+        // Update `self.length` first since that's the fallible part of this operation.
+        self.length = self.length.checked_sub(num_skip).ok_or(EFAULT)?;
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(num_skip);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a reader that can access the same range of data.
+    ///
+    /// Reading from the clone does not advance the current reader.
+    ///
+    /// The caller should take care to not introduce TOCTOU issues, as described in the
+    /// documentation for [`UserSlice`].
+    pub fn clone_reader(&self) -> UserSliceReader {
+        UserSliceReader {
+            ptr: self.ptr,
+            length: self.length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of bytes left to be read from this reader.
+    ///
+    /// Note that even reading less than this number of bytes may fail.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.length
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if no data is available in the io buffer.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.length == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Reads raw data from the user slice into a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// For a version that uses `&mut [u8]`, please see [`UserSliceReader::read_slice`].
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`]. This call may modify `out` even if it returns an error.
+    ///
+    /// # Guarantees
+    ///
+    /// After a successful call to this method, all bytes in `out` are initialized.
+    pub fn read_raw(&mut self, out: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> Result {
+        let len = out.len();
+        let out_ptr = out.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: `out_ptr` points into a mutable slice of length `len_ulong`, so we may write
+        // that many bytes to it.
+        let res =
+            unsafe { bindings::copy_from_user(out_ptr, self.ptr as *const c_void, len_ulong) };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Reads raw data from the user slice into a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`]. This call may modify `out` even if it returns an error.
+    pub fn read_slice(&mut self, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result {
+        // SAFETY: The types are compatible and `read_raw` doesn't write uninitialized bytes to
+        // `out`.
+        let out = unsafe { &mut *(out as *mut [u8] as *mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) };
+        self.read_raw(out)
+    }
+
+    /// Reads a value of the specified type.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address, or if the read goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceReader`].
+    pub fn read<T: FromBytes>(&mut self) -> Result<T> {
+        let len = size_of::<T>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        let mut out: MaybeUninit<T> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+        // SAFETY: The local variable `out` is valid for writing `size_of::<T>()` bytes.
+        //
+        // By using the _copy_from_user variant, we skip the check_object_size check that verifies
+        // the kernel pointer. This mirrors the logic on the C side that skips the check when the
+        // length is a compile-time constant.
+        let res = unsafe {
+            bindings::_copy_from_user(
+                out.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>(),
+                self.ptr as *const c_void,
+                len_ulong,
+            )
+        };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        // SAFETY: The read above has initialized all bytes in `out`, and since `T` implements
+        // `FromBytes`, any bit-pattern is a valid value for this type.
+        Ok(unsafe { out.assume_init() })
+    }
+
+    /// Reads the entirety of the user slice, appending it to the end of the provided buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the read happens on a bad address.
+    pub fn read_all(mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, flags: Flags) -> Result {
+        let len = self.length;
+        VecExt::<u8>::reserve(buf, len, flags)?;
+
+        // The call to `try_reserve` was successful, so the spare capacity is at least `len` bytes
+        // long.
+        self.read_raw(&mut buf.spare_capacity_mut()[..len])?;
+
+        // SAFETY: Since the call to `read_raw` was successful, so the next `len` bytes of the
+        // vector have been initialized.
+        unsafe { buf.set_len(buf.len() + len) };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A writer for [`UserSlice`].
+///
+/// Used to incrementally write into the user slice.
+pub struct UserSliceWriter {
+    ptr: UserPtr,
+    length: usize,
+}
+
+impl UserSliceWriter {
+    /// Returns the amount of space remaining in this buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Note that even writing less than this number of bytes may fail.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.length
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if no more data can be written to this buffer.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.length == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Writes raw data to this user pointer from a kernel buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the write happens on a bad address, or if the write goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceWriter`]. This call may modify the associated userspace slice even
+    /// if it returns an error.
+    pub fn write_slice(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result {
+        let len = data.len();
+        let data_ptr = data.as_ptr().cast::<c_void>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: `data_ptr` points into an immutable slice of length `len_ulong`, so we may read
+        // that many bytes from it.
+        let res = unsafe { bindings::copy_to_user(self.ptr as *mut c_void, data_ptr, len_ulong) };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the provided Rust value to this userspace pointer.
+    ///
+    /// Fails with [`EFAULT`] if the write happens on a bad address, or if the write goes out of
+    /// bounds of this [`UserSliceWriter`]. This call may modify the associated userspace slice even
+    /// if it returns an error.
+    pub fn write<T: AsBytes>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result {
+        let len = size_of::<T>();
+        if len > self.length {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        let Ok(len_ulong) = c_ulong::try_from(len) else {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        };
+        // SAFETY: The reference points to a value of type `T`, so it is valid for reading
+        // `size_of::<T>()` bytes.
+        //
+        // By using the _copy_to_user variant, we skip the check_object_size check that verifies the
+        // kernel pointer. This mirrors the logic on the C side that skips the check when the length
+        // is a compile-time constant.
+        let res = unsafe {
+            bindings::_copy_to_user(
+                self.ptr as *mut c_void,
+                (value as *const T).cast::<c_void>(),
+                len_ulong,
+            )
+        };
+        if res != 0 {
+            return Err(EFAULT);
+        }
+        self.ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(len);
+        self.length -= len;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}